As part of the semester-long seminar course “Parametric Constructions”, students explored various parametric design methods and digital fabrication techniques through a series of full scale constructs produced in groups of two or three students while working in a collaborative effort with local industry partners. Expanded Topographies looked at using developed surface sections to create scoring patterns from which materials, specifically plastics, could be expanded. Utilizing a combination of scripts in Rhino, laser cutting, and ‘misusing’ a vacuum former heating element, a variety of self-similar patterns emerge. The visual properties are derived from the alignment of scoring patterns between two independent objects. Reacting to constraints of design, material, and making, the developed methodology engages a variety of scales, transparencies, and patterns. This system emphasizes zero waste since no material is removed during any part of the fabrication process. This project was displayed at MMFX as the center pieces for the final dinner.

Parametric Honeycomb Team:
Sam Alcorn, Dustin Headley

Faculty:
Kevin Klinger, Branko Kolarevic

As part of the semester-long seminar course “Parametric Constructions”, students explored various parametric design methods and digital fabrication techniques through a series of full scale constructs produced in groups of two or three students while working in a collaborative effort with local industry partners. One project that resulted from the seminar explorations consisted of a panelized system of laser cut aluminum and vacuum formed acrylic infill panels, entitled the Parametric Honeycomb.
The success of this project was contingent on the collaborative effort between the two student designers and a local metal fabricator, Midwest Metals. Through out the design process, digital files were produced based on the requirements set by the manufacturer that were used to directly control the laser cutter. The production of full-scale prototypes was essential to the development of this project—three full-scale study models were made to test and explore connection methods for the various system components. Parametric computer models allowed the visualization of the complete system but the tectonics of the full-scale mock-ups provided much more useful feedback pertaining to joinery and assembly time. The assembly of the mock-ups illuminated opportunities for refinement of the design based on cost and time. The initial design iterations for Parametric Honeycomb relied on mechanical fasteners to hold the assembly together. These solutions quickly proved too costly in laser machining time or ultimately failed when scaled up using appropriate materials. Feedback from the manufacturer on laser piercing operation times greatly informed the remainder of the project development. A simple spreadsheet helped the team optimize the number of cuts (and resulting piercing operations) during the negotiation of cutting time versus budget.
The final design features a tab and slot system that allows the entire system to be assembled without any mechanical fasteners. The legs for the system interlock with the leg on the bottom secured to the ring through the tab and slot that locks the entire system together through simple friction. This method of joining components cut fabrication time and assembly time for the final full-scale prototype. The exchange between students and the industry partner was completely digital—no paper drawings were exchanged between the two parties. The efficient nesting of each component was critical in managing the cost of the project. In fact, the manufacturer combined other parallel projects in a nesting solution to minimize manufacturing waste and “off-cuts.”
The use of precise digital data to describe the shapes of each component (and the path of the laser cutter) saved time and eliminated errors. The final optimized solution would not have been possible without the information feedback loops created from the explorations utilizing full-scale study models and the input from the fabricator.

Parametric Honeycomb Team:
Jamie Owens, Brain Pace

Faculty:
Kevin Klinger, Branko Kolarevic

The Parametric Honeycomb was generously supported by our Industry Partner, Midwest Metals, with $1000 in materials and fabrication time.

As part of the semester-long seminar course “Parametric Constructions”, students explored various parametric design methods and digital fabrication techniques through a series of full scale constructs produced in groups of two or three students while working in a collaborative effort with local industry partners. Entitled Parametric Folding, this project consisted of laser cut aluminum panels with a customized patterning and custom bent angles and hardware.
The success of this project was contingent on the collaborative effort between the three student designers and a local metal fabricator, Midwest Metals. Through out the design process, digital files were produced based on the requirements set by the manufacturer that were used to directly control the laser cutter. The production of full-scale prototypes was essential to the development of this project—three full-scale study models were made to test and explore connection methods for the various system components. The project, itself, consisted of triangulated aluminum plates that were ornamented with perforation patterns. The students scripted a software plug-in to generate these patterns based on parameters of density, spacing, and size. These patterns had to be adjusted over several iterations to achieve the desired trade-off of pattern complexity versus production time constraints. Via the script, these adjustments occurred rapidly—small, numerical adjustments in the input parameters resulted in large qualitative effects of the resulting patterns until an economically and aesthetically “fit” solution was found.

Parametric Folding Team:
Sarah Hockmeyer, Dominic Gallegos, Jonathon Noble

Faculty:
Kevin Klinger, Branko Kolarevic

Parametric Folding was generously supported by our Industry Partner, Midwest Metals, with $1000 in materials and fabrication time.

In the Parametric Constructions Seminar students explored the design, fabrication and assembly of a repetitive nonstandardized component system based on parametrically controlled variation and serial differentiation, i.e. mass-customization. The component systems were conceived as a combination of a skin and structure that was fully resolved tectonically and materially.  The component systems, when assembled, produced a patterned spatial configuration. To produce an effectual pattern, the repetition and order depended upon the systematic variation within a field.  This variation occured through the superstructure – the ordering system – and/or the individual component as both determined the constraints of pattern. The modification of parameters of design, which could be automatic or interactive, incremental or random, allowed for the manufacture of different components in the same series, thus making the mass-customization, i.e., the industrial production of unique objects possible.
The development of the component system occured in several iterative steps: first creating a parametric model using RhinoScript or Generative Components that produced in automatic, machinic fashion a series of similar, yet different spatial configurations that could be recognized as belonging to the same type. A selected sample from the series was then fabricated and assembled into a physical construct, which was then refined iteratively in subsequent sessions; the process of fabrication and assembly informing the model of the geometry in a cyclical fashion until a “final” construct was produced.  The final products were carefully crafted medium-scale constructs that consisted of interconnected, topologically identical but dimensionally varied components that were serially produced using the introduced techniques of parametric design and digital fabrication.

Faculty: Kevin Klinger, Branko Kolarevic

Students: Sam Alcorn, Dominick Gallegos, Sarah Hockmeyer, Jonathan Noble, Jamie Owens, Brian Pace